تقریر فقه 22 دی

[سید محسن منافی]

راه دیگر برای استدلال بر لزوم مراعات ترتیب، راهی است که مرحوم صاحب جواهر مطرح فرموده اند که اطلاقات ادله ی امر به معروف مبتلا به معارض است که نتیجه اش لزوم مراعات ترتیب است: " دعوى أن إطلاق الأمر بالمعروف و النهي عن المنكر يقتضي خلاف الترتيب المزبور... يدفعها ما يستفاد من غيرها من مراعاة الترتيب مضافا إلى قاعدة حرمة إيذاء المؤمن و إضراره المقتصر في الخروج منها على مقدار ما ترتفع به الضرورة. "
مناقشات:
1- ادله ی حرمت ایذاء فقط در جایی است که موذی قصد ایذاء داشته باشد. پس اگر موذی قصد دیگری داشته‌باشد و ایذاء لازمه‌ی آن باشد، ایذاء حرام نیست. حرمت تحقیر هم همینطور است، ممکن است این حرف را کسی نسبت به «اضرار» هم بزند. پس آمر بالمعروف چون بالاصاله قصد ایذاء ندارد، ادله‌ی حرمت ایذاء اصلاً شامل مانحن‌فیه نمی‌شود و لذا اطلاقات ادله‌ی امربه‌معروف بلامعارض شامل است.
مروری بر ادله‌ی حرمت ایذاء:
إِنَّ الَّذِینَ یُؤْذُونَ اللَّهَ وَ رَسُولَهُ لَعَنَهُمُ اللَّهُ فِی الدُّنْیَا وَ الْآخِرَهِ وَ أَعَدَّ لَهُمْ عَذَاباً مُهِیناً.
اولاً کاری که انسان را مستحق لعن خداوند در دنیا و آخرت و عذاب مُهین کند، حرام است. پس به حسب این آیه، ایذاء خداوند حرام است. و ثانیاً بعضی روایات، ایذاء مؤمن را ایذاء خداوند قرارداده‌اند: «روی عن أبی عبد اللّه علیه السلام أنّه قال: … من آذى مؤمنا، فقد آذى اللّه عزّ و جلّ فی عرشه، و اللّه ینتقم ممن ظلمه. پس چون به حسب این روایت، ایذاء مؤمن، ایذاء خداوند است، و چون به حسب این آیه ایذاء خداوند حرام است، پس ایذاء مؤمن حرام است.
آیه‌ی بعد از این آیه هم دلالت می‌کند که ایذاء مؤمن حرام است: «وَ الَّذِینَ یُؤْذُونَ الْمُؤْمِنِینَ وَ الْمُؤْمِنَاتِ بِغَیْرِ مَا اکْتَسَبُوا فَقَدِ احْتَمَلُوا بُهْتَاناً وَ إِثْماً مُبِیناً.
روایات متعددی هم بر حرمت «ایذاء مؤمن» وجود دارد از جمله: «قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لِیَأْذَنْ بِحَرْبٍ مِنِّی مَنْ آذَى عَبْدِیَ الْمُؤْمِنَ.

[سید صالح صالحی]

با عرض سلام
چند نکته:
1. استاد در ابتدای بحث، قبل از ذکر کلام صاحب جواهر، به زیارت آل یاسین اشاره کرده و نتیجه گرفتند که نمی توان به این آیه شریفه برای اثبات ترتیب استدلال کرد.
2. کلام صاحب جواهر را اصلا تقریر نکردید و فقط به ذکر کلام ایشان بسنده کردید.

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