تقریر اصول 28 خرداد

[سید محسن منافی]

یکی از مرجحات مضمونی، مخالفت با عامه است. مرحوم آخوند اخبار اخذ به مخالف عامه را از باب تمییز حجت از لا حجت قبول دارد. از این جهت که تعبد به اصل صدور خبر موافق عامه لغو است. حرف ایشان درست است.
چند روایت دیگر برای مخالفت با عامه:
أ.30- وَ بِالْإِسْنَادِ عَنِ ابْنِ بَابَوَيْهِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ عَنِ الصَّفَّارِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ رَجُلٍ عَنْ يُونُسَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ السَّرِيِّ قَالَ: قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع‏ إِذَا وَرَدَ عَلَيْكُمْ‏ حَدِيثَانِ مُخْتَلِفَانِ فَخُذُوا بِمَا خَالَفَ الْقَوْمَ.
ب. 31- وَ عَنْهُ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُوسَى بْنِ الْمُتَوَكِّلِ عَنِ السَّعْدَآبَادِيِّ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنِ ابْنِ فَضَّالٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ الْجَهْمِ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِلْعَبْدِ الصَّالِحِ ع هَلْ يَسَعُنَا فِيمَا وَرَدَ عَلَيْنَا مِنْكُمْ إِلَّا التَّسْلِيمُ لَكُمْ فَقَالَ لَا وَ اللَّهِ لَا يَسَعُكُمْ إِلَّا التَّسْلِيمُ لَنَا فَقُلْتُ فَيُرْوَى عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع شَيْ‏ءٌ وَ يُرْوَى عَنْهُ خِلَافُهُ فَبِأَيِّهِمَا نَأْخُذُ فَقَالَ خُذْ بِمَا خَالَفَ الْقَوْمَ- وَ مَا وَافَقَ‏ الْقَوْمَ‏ فَاجْتَنِبْهُ.
روایات اخذ به مخالف با عامه دو طائفه ی دیگر دارد:
1- روایاتی که اخذ به مخالف عامه را در فرض ضرورت اجازه می دهد:
42- وَ عَنْ سَمَاعَةَ بْنِ مِهْرَانَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع‏ قُلْتُ يَرِدُ عَلَيْنَا حَدِيثَانِ وَاحِدٌ يَأْمُرُنَا بِالْأَخْذِ بِهِ وَ الْآخَرُ يَنْهَانَا عَنْهُ قَالَ لَا تَعْمَلْ بِوَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا حَتَّى تَلْقَى صَاحِبَكَ فَتَسْأَلَهُ قُلْتُ لَا بُدَّ أَنْ نَعْمَلَ (بِوَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا) قَالَ خُذْ بِمَا فِيهِ خِلَافُ الْعَامَّةِ.
این روایت مرسله است. پس مانع اخذ به طائفه ی اول روایات این باب شود.
2- روایاتی که بدون لحاظ فرض تعارض، مطلقاً حکم به اخذ به مخالف کرده است:
9- الْحَسَنُ بْنُ أَيُّوبَ عَنِ ابْنِ بُكَيْرٍ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ: مَا سَمِعْتَ مِنِّي يُشْبِهُ قَوْلَ النَّاسِ فِيهِ التَّقِيَّةُ وَ مَا سَمِعْتَ مِنِّي لَا يُشْبِهُ‏ قَوْلَ‏ النَّاسِ‏ فَلَا تَقِيَّةَ فِيهِ.
این روایت، معتبره است. شاید مراد از شباهت به قول عامه، شباهت به روش استدلالی مطرح در روایات عامه باشد حتی اگر موافق با متن آنها نباشد.

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